Trust, but Verify" -- weedh taariikhda gashay

Weedhan "Trust, but Verify" waa mid ka mid ah weedhaha taariikhda galay, fahankeeda iyo hab adeegsigeeda tolmoon ayaa sabab u noqday inay caan dunida ka noqto meelo badana loo adeegsado.

Weedhan waxa ciwaano looga dhigay buuggaag iyo qoraale badan oo la daabacay, Tusaale ahaan "David T. Lindgren" ayaa ciwaan uga dhigay buuggiisa "Trust But Verify: Imagery Analysis in the Cold War. Ed. 2001" oo uu kaga hadlayo sida farsamooyinkii khiyaaliga loogu matalay ay saamayn ugu yeesheen siyaasada arimaha dibada Maraykan taasoo ka caawisay in ay horumiyaan farsamooyinkooda basaasida, dayaxgacmeedyada iyo qalabyada ciidamadaba ee kala duwan. sidoo kale waxa lagga sameeyay qoraalo badan ( academic papers) oo ku saabsan hababka fudud ee naftaada iyo shirkadaadaba looggaga hortago in loo dhaco emiladooda, waxa kale oo weedhan ay noqtay mid ka mid ah kuwii samaayeey inuu joogsado dagaalkii qaboobaa (cold war) ee Maraykan iyo Soofiyeeta u dhexeeyay.

Weedhan "Trust, but Verify" waa maahmaah gabowday oo Ruush ah una dhigan afka Ruushka "Доверяй, но проверяй". Maahmaadan waxa dib boodhka uga jafay oo dunida baray hab adeegsigeeda tolmoon gabadha la yidhaa Suzanne Massie, Miss Massie waa qoraa Maraykan ah oo uu dhalay diblamaasi sare oo reer Switzerland ah, waxay ku hadashaa luuqado badan oo ruushku ku jiro, buuggagta ay qortay iyo kuway wax ka qortayba (co-author) way badan yihiin waxa ka mid ah;

1- Land of the Firebird: The Beauty of Old Russia, Simon & Schuster 1980.

2- The Life of a Russian Palace, Little Brown & Co. 1990.

3- The Living Mirror, Doubleday & Co. Garden City New York 1972.

4- Trust but Verify: Reagan, Russia and Me, Maine Authors Publishing, 2013.

Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan oo xilka Madaxweynenimo ee Maraykanka la wareegay Jan/20. 1981 ayaa ka mid noqtay akhristayaasha la dhacay buuggeeda "Land of the Firebird: The Beauty of Old Russia", buuggu waxa uu si gaar ah u soo jiitay Mr Reagan aqoonta balaadhan ee Miss Massie u leedahay dhaqankii hore ee Ruushka.

Miss Massie, Sida ay ku sheegtay xusuus qorkeeda gaar ah, Bishii Janaayo 17keedii sanadkii 1984 ayay Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan kula kulantay Aqalka Cad, Xafiiska Madexweynah (Oval Office), Kulankaas waxa daba socday 21 kulan oo ay la qaadatay Madaxweyneha intii u dhaxaysay 1984 ilaa 1988 oo uu Ronald Reagan Madaxweyne ahaa, muddadaas dheer waxay Madaxweynaha u gudbisay talooyin badan oo isna uu ficil ahaan u adeegsaday kuna guulaystay, talooyinkii ay u gudbisay waxa ka mid ahaa tan aynu maanta hayno ee "Trust, but Verify", Madaxweyne Reagan waxa uu Miss Massie ku timaamay ardaydii ugu wacany ee uu ka barto dhaqanka dadka Ruushka.

- Ronald Reagan diary, May 20, 1986: Miss Massie "She is the greatest student I know of the Russian people."

Suzanne Massie, oo ku caan baxday gabadhii sababtay inuu dhamaado dagaalkii qaboobaa " the woman who ended the Cold War" ee Maraykanka iyo Soofiyeetka ka dhexeeyay ayaa Madaxweyne Reagan bartay hab adeegsiga maahmaahdan gabowday ee Raashiyaanka ah, waa " "Доверяй, но проверяй" oo marka la ingiriisi loo turjumo ah " Trust, but Verify" , kalsoonsi ku qab, lakiin iska hubi. waxay u sheegtay Mr Reagan in dadka Ruushku ay jecel yihiin mar walba inay Maahmaaho adeegsadaan, Maahmaadan ruushka ee gabowday waxay dhalan gadiday jihada taariikhda dunidu u soctay, waxay sabab u noqtay inay furto dariiqyo badan oo midawgii soofiyeeti lagga galay laguna mijo xaabiyay, waxay soo dhawaysan burburka mid ka mid ah dawladdihii ugu awooda badnaa ee qarnigii 20aad dunida soo maray.

Madaxweyne Reagan, waa Madaxweynii labaad ee ugu da'da weynaa ee soo mara xil Madaxweyne taariikhda 200 ee sano jirta ee dawladda Maraykanka, Trump oo sanad joogay ayaa ka weyn, usbuuc ka dib markii uu xilka la wareegay ayuu madaxa ka jaray 70 sano, Madaxweyne Roland Reagan marka laga tago khibradiisa siyaasiyaga ah waa akhriste buuggta jecel waliba kuwa wakhtigan la daabacay, Sanad ka hore (1980) intii aanu xilka la wareegin oo ku beegan markii uu ku jiray olalaha tartanka, waxa uu ka mid ahaa akhristayaasha buugga cusub ee ay Suzanne Massie soo bandhigtay "Land of the Firebird: The Beauty of Old Russia" buuggaas oo si qoto dheer u faaqidaya taariikhdii hore iyo tan casriga ah ee Ruushka, laga soo bilaabo 987 - 1917kii, buuggu waxa uu soo bandhigayaa tariikhdii boqoradii hore,Tsars-kii iyo Serfs-kii quruuntii dhex (middle age) qabsaday bariga Yurub iyo Kacaanka shuuciyada.

Buuggasi waxuu muhiimad gaar ah siinayaa inuu xuso doorka ay ku leeyihiin sawirqoraalka, gabayada, dhaqanka iyo habdhaqanka nolosha baadiyaha ee dadka ruushka, sidoo kale waxuu xusayaa siyaasada, ciyaaraha, sheeko xariirooyinka, halyayada saamaynta ku leh dadka ruushka. Guud ahaan buuggasi waxuu akhristaha siinayaa inuu faham kooban ka qaato siyaasada dhaqan dhaqaale ee dadka iyo dalka Ruushka. Hab qoraalka toolmoon iyo nuruxka xiisaha leh ee ku duugan buuggan waxay xiiso galisay Madaxweyne Roland Reagan oo ku caan baxay wakhtigii ololaha tartanka inuu luuqad adag ku weeraro Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Doorashada Reagan ee 1981, waxay ku soo beegantay wakhti uu furmay jawi isfahan ama dabacba galay xidhiidhkii qalafsanaa ee Maraykanka iyo Soofiyeeta ka dhaxeeyay muddo ku siman 70 sano, waa xilka loo yaqaano "The period of détente" , waa wakhti ay sare u qaadeen xidhiidhka iskaashi iyo ganacsi ee xukuumaddaha Washington iyo Moscow, sidoo kale waa wakhtigii la kala saxeexday Qaybtii labaad ee heshiiska (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) xakamaynta hubka, lakiin Madaxweyne Reagan waxa uu si weyn uga soo hor jeeday in wax xidhiidh ah oo dabacsan loo muujiyo xukuumada Moscow (anti-communist, anti-detente). Reagan markii uu xafiiska la wareegay waxa uu kordhiyay miisaaniyada ciidanka waxna uu weerar diblamaasiyadeed ku qaaday Soofiyeetka isaga oo ku tilmaamay imbaraadooriyad shaydaan ah (evil empire), weerarka afka ahi wuu iska socday ilaa Madaxweyne Reagan uu barlaamanka UK hortooda ka sheegay in Midowga soofiyeeti uu yahay taariikh madaw oo dunida (ash-heap of history) soo martay haddana lagu jiro gabagabadiisii oo dunida goor dhaw iska tuuri doonto dariiqii Marxism-Leninism.

Miss Massie, Asal ahaa waxay ka soo jeedaa Switzerland lakiin waxay haystaa dhalasho Maraykan ah iyada oo oo ku dhalatay Magaalada New York, waxay nolosheeda 38 sano oo ka mid ah ku qaadatay barashada iyo daraasaynta dhaqanka iyo siyaasada dalka Ruushka, waxay qoraalo, muuqaalo iyo doodoba ku soo bandhigtay dhaqanka balaadhan ee dadka Ruushku leeyihiin iyo xidhiidhka ka dhaxeeya Madahabta Kiniisada Orthodox. Miss Massie iyada oo ka sheekaynsa dhaqanka dadka Ruushka ay la leeyihiin Mad-habta Orthodox sanadkii 1981 ayaa xustay in Kiniisada Orthodox-ku ahayd mid marwalba u taagan xaqiijinta himilada dadka Ruushku, taasna ay dadka iyo dalka Ruushka kaaga soo gudbeen wakhtiyo adag oo soo maray, sida duulaankii Mangooliyaanku ku ekeeyeen dhul-weynaha Ruushka, waxa kale oo ay xustay in Magaalada Kieve ee hadda ah caasimada Ukrain ay tahay xudunta Mad-habtan orthodox ee xididada dheer ku leh dalka Ruushka.

Miss Massie waxay kale oo ay xustay sida ay dadka Ruushku ula amakaageen in ay markaliya qaataan shuuciyada " The Russian people have absorbed the brunt of the greatest shock of modern times -- Communism -- an idea which came clothed in the robes and the words of idealism" , waxay sheegtay in nidaamka shuuciga ah uu dhibaato badan gaadhsiiyay dadka Ruushku, iyada oo xoog lagu hirgaliyay inuu nidaamka shuuciga ah dalka ku fido, Joseph stalin oo la rumaysan yahay inuu ahaa ninkii hirgaliyay in nidaamka shuuciga ah ka shaqeeya dalka Ruushku ayaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu gaystay dilalkii ugu badnaa ee dunida ka dhaca.

Miss Massie, intii ay ku guda jirtay daraasada iyo barashada dhaqanka Ruushka waxay dunida Galbeedka tustay meel aanay war fiican ka hayn oo ah xidhiidhka dhaqan dhaqaale ee uu leeyahay dalka Ruushku, waxay farta ugu fiiqaday in dadka Ruushku aanay ku faraxsanayn qaadashada aragtida shuuciga, fahanka noocaas waxay ku kastbay inay noqto xidhiidhiyaha gaar ah labadda waddan ee Maraykanka iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti, tani waxay ku soo beegan tay wakhti ay Midowga Soofiyeeti waaweeyn saddex hogaamiye oo tiirar adag u ahaa Nidaamka shuuciyada ee Ruushka, waa Leonid Brezhnev oo 18 sano hogaaminayay xisbiga hanti-wadaaga kacaanka Ruushka, waa ninka labaad ee ugu xukunka dheer intii nidaamka shuuciga ahi ka hirgalay Ruushka 1917kii, laba sano ka dib geerida Brezhnev waxa isna meesha ka baxay oo geeriyooday Yuri Andropov oo xilka ka badalay Leonid Brezhnev, sidoo kale, waxa isna sanad ka dib 10 march, 1985kii geeriyooday Konstantin Chernenko oo badlay Yuri Andropov. dhamaantooda waa Madaxweynayaashii Midowga Soofiyeeti lahaa.

Dhul gariirka geerida Hogaamiyaasha Midowga Soofiyeeti ee saddex sano gudahood ay ku waayeen, Leonid Brezhnev(1982), Yuri Andropov(1984), Konstantin Chernenko (1985), waxa ay dariiqa u furtay inuu xilka yimaado Mikhail Gorbachev oo noqday hogaamiyihii ugu danbeeyay ee Midowga Soofiyeeti yeesho, Siyaasadii Mr. Gorbachev ku waajaha xukunka ee ku salaysnayd furfurnaata ayaa sabab u noqtay inuu dabaco nidaamkii adkaa ee lagu hayay Midowga Soofiyeeti, Mr. Gorbachev waxa uu markii ugu horaysay tariikhda kacaanka Shuuciga ah meesha ka saaray nidaamkii Xoghaya Guud ee xisbiga Hanti-wadaagu uu ahaa Madaxweyne Midowga Soofiyeeti, tani waxay sababtay inay abuurmaan dad badan oo kacaan diid ahi taas oo aakhrikii sabab u noqtay inuu burburo nidaamkii Soofiyeeti oo ay abuurmaan Jamhuuriyado yaryar oo tiro badani.

Madaxweyne Roland Reagan markii uu arkay furfurnaata badan ee Mikhail Gorbachev iyo mawjahada siyaasadeed ee sita Mr Gorbachev ayuu badlay siyaasadiisii qalafsanayd ee Soofiyeeti ku waajahnayd, waxa uu Reagan la taliye dadban ka dhigtay Miss Massie oo ka caawisay inuu fahmo wax badan oo dhaqanka Ruushka ah, weedhan Trust, but Verify ayaa ka mid ahayd kuwa uu si gaar ah u daneeyay, Mr Reagan waxa uu kulmo badan oo uu leeyashay adeegsaday Maahmaahdan Доверяй, но проверяй" {Doveryai, no proveryai} (trust, but verify), taas oo Mr. Gorbachev uu waydiiyay sababta uu ugu celceliyo kulan walba weedhan, waxa Reagan uu ugu jawaabay waan jecelay weedhan, lakiin Mr Reagan jacaylka uu u qabay weedhan waxa sal u ahaa inuu sameeyay nidaamka xog hubinta ee kala danbeeya taas oo ka caawisay inuu ku guulaysto inuu ku dhaliyo heshiiska xakamaytan hubka iyo xoojinta siyaasada furfurnaanta ee Mr Gorbachev uu Soofiyeeti u horseeday.

Ugu danbayn, weedhan Trust, but Verify waxay noqtay mid caan ka noqtay dunida galbeedka iyo waliba waddanka Ruushku, John Kerry oo ahaa Xoghayihii arimaha dibada ee Wakhtigii Obama ayaa 2013 booqosho ku maryay Geneva ku celiyay xasuustay mar kale inuu weedhan Reagan isaga oo u adeegsado habka nabada ee Maraykanka iyo Ruushku ay ku heshiiyeen in lagu dhameeyo colaada Suuriya ay tahay mid ku dhisan Trust, but Verify, tani waxay dib u xoqday oo dhacdooyin hore xusuusisay maanka siyaasiyiinta ku abtirsada xulufooyinka Naato iyo Waarso.

Sanad Wanaagsan

31/12/2017

Abdiqani Egeh

Fmcige@gmail.com